Give and take of Alcohol
It is estimated that the alcohol sector contributed ~R173bn (3.4%) of South Africa’s gross domestic product in 2019 and that the cumulative impact of the three COVID-19 related alcohol bans in 2020/2021 on South Africa’s annualised GDP was ~R51.9bn. However, in contrast, in 2009 it was estimated that alcohol abuse/harm negatively impacts the South African GDP directly by ~R38bn and indirectly by a further R246-281bn.
(https://bit.ly/3yHbwpB, https://bit.ly/3uvcYYF, https://bit.ly/34nDlFq)