A computer chip is a set of electronic circuits on a small flat piece of silicon that make arcade games possible. Typically Atari used between 150 and 170 computer chips in their early arcade gaming cabinets. For the Atari game Breakout, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniack were able to produce a working prototype using only 44 chips. This problem solving thinking led to the two founding one of the largest companies on the planet.

Sources: one, two